Archive for 2013
My Book, My Tool for Sharing
There are thousand perspectives about life, effort,
happiness, and successfulness. You could assume one but the meaning may vary
from what you believe and understand. There are 25 writers who tell you with
words through the book entitled Jejak Jejak Perantau about life, effort, happiness,
and successfulness. I am one of them who tell about the incredible community
which never give up in life in order to reach the better education for better
life. I share the wonderful and tough person in my book who enlighten street
children’s life through valuable training, education, and religious approach
into the meaningful tolerance and better understanding about life, differences,
thankfulness, and the power of one.
All my words in this book are honest and fair-to-fact as the
point of interest to prove the existence of amazing community that never gives
up in life. Moreover, my appreciation will be seen by the valuable activity of
teaching English for them who live in that community. Shortly, there are also
24 greater stories that writers want to share to you. I do appreciate if you
could read this book for your better understanding about the phenomenon in our
society facing the successfulness in life.
KABASA, All in Love, Pluralism, and Tolerance
KABASA is
the valuable community. I am writing here to tell you honestly about my
activities and the incredible moments of KABASA. KABASA is the Street Children
Community that built with the love and hopes for betterment. They are totally
more than 100 children that come and learn here as the secondary place of
shelter and loving care.
There are
two kinds of children here. They are treatment and non-treatment children. The treatment
children are those who have been under treatment of basic education such as the
philosophy of life, sense of religion of Islam, ethics of human being, and
tolerance. They live in a house that we call it as KABASA or Mede (The name was
taken from the location of this community). They are slowly leaving the street
for begging or asking for money. They are settle and ready to be a new person
of betterment. They start creating some good songs and other arts to be
published as the form of creativity and freedom. Furthermore, those who are
potentially good will be sent to one of the formal schools in Bekasi. This cycle
runs constantly without prejudicing in one or more things.
Non-treatment
children are those who haven’t treated yet. This means that they are still
living on the street and asking for money, but they come to Mede sometimes to
eat, learn, or share many things. They are not settle yet to leave street and
live in Mede. They sometimes come to meet their friends who have been living in
Mede. They still want to live with their friends on street outside to earn the
money by singing some songs.
Both
treatment and non-treatment children have the high motivation to learn and
share. They get the lesson on how to share in limitation because they always
have something that are not really much. They learn the lesson on how to love
one another as the unit of family in any condition and situation. They learn
the lesson on how to thank God as the prevalence of blessing on them. They learn
to respect differences in terms of backgrounds and religions because they come
from different place, individual, skin color, behavior, and character.
My teaching
English here is to bridge them to the international language that automatically
builds their sense of respect and tolerance among all humans in the world. We mingle
together, ask and answer together, learn and write together, listen and repeat
together, exploring new culture in each topic together that reflected the
successful of tolerating and respecting one another. I never stop this positive
movement because my neighborhood needs to know and understand that tolerance
and respecting one another are two things which should be exist in all parts of
life. You should not condemn Bekasi as intolerance city just because you heard
it on media that are prone to the limited shoot of fact. In the end, you should
appreciate my project continuously to aware more people that we, people of
Bekasi, still have the chance of betterment to be tolerance city that respects
differences in life.
Thousand Moments in Ramadhan
Ramadhan is
coming. The holy month for Moslem all around the world is surrounding. There
are unlimited thanks from human to Allah for the greatest chance of facing the
blessing month this year. KABASA has many moments for us to share with. An
amazing picture from what they are doing directly inspires us about the belief
of human in heart of existence of God and the rules that have been creed as the
former to us until the end of the day.
People in
KABASA tell us that humans always need the care and sovereignty from God for
the better life and as the thankfulness of the blessing. Moreover, their
beliefs of blessing and loving care of God craved in every single activity
during Ramadhan. Even the Ramadhan just come, their enthusiasm are blowing up
into the spiritual activities in that month.
KABASA always
perform the short dialogue before sun rises in the early day as the preparation
of what they have to do today. In the afternoon, they learn some lessons to
enrich their knowledge. They read the holy Koran (Al-Qur’an) in every single
moment they could have. Furthermore, my mission of making them good at English
is still running to color their activities. The picture of happiness and
thankfulness of God even in the limited access to the wealth are converted into
the amazing blessing in the limitation.
When the
fast breaking comes, they are sitting and praying to the God together as their
wish and thanks of blessing and the food today. They are smiling and starting
sharing about todays’ best activities one another. Their smiles are blended
with the warm situation around them as the great power of movement to the
better future. They pray for hope, thankfulness, blessing, and unlimited love
from God to them hereafter. May today’s time is full of colors, tones, and
stories that they can tell us about. Happy Ramadhan, KABASA and for all Moslem
in the world.
With Art, by Art
When we are in our home of city, we should remember the things of the place we have grown and the environment we have interacted with. That’s the incredible point of how preserve the great thing about our culture. Without that, we will easily forget our beautiful traditional custom and art.
Learning is not enough without great understanding about our
locale. Learning is not perfect without special art of our locale. Learning is
not enough without deep feeling to our culture. All things grow us with the
richness of tone, pattern, feeling, and sense of one. The valuable art and
manner should be brought in every step we take.
Silat is the traditional art of West Java. When we come to
Bekasi, there are thousand things represent West Java. Silat contains the
spiritual side in every movement and tone. It also contains the healthy side of
practice like sport. When all members of Islamic Street Children Community
practice Silat, they learn how to maintain the relationship between spiritual
and physical things in the same time. The way of maintaining is through
incredible movement and every step in that art.
Now, children in KABASA learn not only the majority lessons
what other people do, but also the incredible traditional art that most people
of Bekasi almost forget it. This is art;
art of life, art of happiness in our beloved city, Bekasi.
Start Building, Start Sharing
Islamic
Street Children Community is growing further become a home of schooling, educating,
sharing, expressing arts and other fundamental life for many unprivileged
children. The name changed into KABASA (Karya Anak Bangsa) which conveys the
deeper meaning for tolerance, freedom, education, life sharing, art, and
visualization of life under the gracious religion of Islam. The commitment embedded into the meaningful
goal to bridge those who need education and understanding of real life.
I also
contribute more in realization of their ideal dream of betterment. All members
come with me to embody the further form of new environment as realization of
education in many aspects, tutoring in art performances, understanding
differences and the concept of tolerating in our surroundings. Some programs
are running now with some learning points such English and German language,
Information and Technology approaches, sharing and Islamic leading comprehension,
Silat (traditional art from West Java), theater performance and practices, and outing
class (visiting some places as refreshing for additional knowledge).
KABASA is
now expanding into the meaningful and valuable community for street children to
reach their dreams. My efforts will be unlimited to continue the first
commitment of betterment for environment especially Bekasi or even wider. All
people here will welcome you friendly as your positive movement and idea significantly
give the great effect for our life within all false tunes.
Another Life
“When we aware for even a little of attention, you will find life with
every kind of its type”
Most people think they have to do because it is good for
them, but they miss one thing that life is not all about themselves. They have
to know that life is for you, her, him, them, and all people all around the
world. We have the same opportunity to pursue our future in any conditions and
situations.
We have grown in the neighborhood that accommodates the formality
and standard in some respects. We eat it because most people eat that. We go to
school because from the first beginning our families have done that. We play
something because the previous and the trend are now included. We act like
other people do, and these are what we believe as life-in-time.
We all
forget that life is for not only going around and hanging out for something,
play and laughing all time, shopping for many things, spending money with
thousand ways, and stating that your life is better than others. We really
forget the real essence of life in our mind and heart. We cannot open our eyes wider than before that life is all about the lung of humanity.
Islamic
Street Children Community tells and shows us the incredible and valuable
matters for us to rethink about our previous perspective about life. I am with
them in some activities such as practicing drama, eating lunch or dinner,
sharing and learning, and composing and singing the song. I find amazing scene
that I captured as the phenomenon of real life in our neighborhood. They respect,
tolerate, help, feel the same way one another as the unit of the agent of
entity for majority to confess minors as member in life.
They are
here with us for the same hope to grow, go to school, learn many things, and
reach the dreams like others do. Their solidity of loving God and others, tolerating one
another, and sharing in limitations are increasing as their belief to be the better person
in the future. They just want to show us that the valuable manners are embedded
in their activities to reopen our eyes and mind that the shallow perspective
about life is not showing us the real life, so the reality should tell us more
than what we see and judge.
The Rhythm of Loving God
“There are stories, hope, pray, and belief of power to God in each line
of their beautiful song.”
Ilham Nugraha
The hard life in street without shelter is the core of their
surroundings. They are hungry for nothing to eat. The sun shines extremely in all
days make them feel thirsty and tired. The crowded street with vociferous
vehicles blended into a massive sound of street-life-scenes. They never give up
in life. They sing alone or in group for money in some public transportation. However,
their belief in God is consistent in all days they face. It is that makes them
tough and strong in facing the next day.
In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially
Merciful, they believe in the possibility of future as they could be the person
that can be useful for everyone. They feel tired, hungry, thirsty, and even
scary only in the matter of physic. Their high motivation to move forward makes
them able to face and face difficulties, limitations, and defenselessness of
life. They believe with the deeper heart that God will help those who always
pray and ask for the betterment. They compose their own line of power, lyric of
hope, melody of calmness, tune of calling, and music of spirit in a great song.
Life to Live, Live for Life
“Judging on how others run their lives with one eye is prejudicing and
not picturesqueness.”
Ilham Nugraha
We live with
other people together in our neighborhoods. We acknowledge that every
individual is different. We also believe that harmony and togetherness are the
fundamental for us to live with. However, the life in Islamic Street Children
Community is special, complex, and full of values. It is special because they learn things that
humans have to do in life, as it is the right thing to do. It is complex
because learning through sharing and not coercing is the freedom for everyone to
believe. It is full of values because the daily activities are encountering
others in praying to God, advising to do, helping in difficulties, giving in
limitation, guiding in confusion, and sharing for security in its community.
I sit among
them to listen more about their lives. I hear more and find the other angles of
their lives to learn from. They believe that they will be the person they dream
about, the person who knows the importance of knowledge and story of life with
the duty of telling, giving, sharing, tolerating, and enlightening for those
who have the same condition so they could be more vigorous to run their lives.
The Winner is Sharing and Giving
“When you do more than
you expect, you will know a lot of things more than you want”
Ilham Nugraha
My English Club actually consists of
potential people but they are afraid of themselves because there are two factors
that make them down—status and reputation of other schools with their homogeneity.
They were all the same, one religion, one major, and one community. My English
Club team was different of religion, majors, and communities. They were afraid
of being different and various from others.
I didn’t want to put those things up
with them. We practiced more and forgot those unwanted things. We learned how
to create a strategy plan for ASEAN Charter competition. We got the different
job for each person to compile the data. We discussed and shared together about
one or more issue in ASEAN regions. We arranged the strategy for our diplomatic
defense for that competition.
They performed more than expectation.
They were all out vigorously without any obstacle facing other teams. However,
we only become the 3rd winner of that competition. They knew it was
not the good time for it, but they said something in a very wise way.
“We don’t care anymore whether we win this. We are going far. We now understand
the sense of belonging in differences among us. We know how to apprehend
between what we believe and what we all believe in. We don’t get this outside
of the team. We are something. We are still different one another, but we are
here becoming witness of harmony in differences”
Let Others See It From Another Side
“Life is for sharing, giving, and understanding one another for the
harmony and valuable manner in our life”
Ilham Nugraha
I have a great club. It is small, complex, and amazing. We
learn together to improve our English. We encourage one another to be the
better person. We promise together to reach the dreaming hope of understanding.
However, we face many problems. Students rarely talk each other, greet one
another, and shake hands in any matters in the club. They are afraid to say,
comment, or even stand up for something they have—an opinion. They keep silent
and quite on their seats without any words.
They come from different majors, classes, backgrounds, religions,
and surroundings. Do those things make them ignorant?
We are not pushing one another for something we believe, but
we let others experience and feel through interaction and communication. We are
for them, and they are for us. We trust them, and they trust us. We deeply act
well to embrace those differences without omitting some. Everyone is unique and
different, but these points should be maintained with the valuable manners for
the sake of harmony that we dream of.
Now, they feel the sense of belonging from differences as the
pattern of life that we cannot deny. We are truly different, strange, and unique
like the colorful paper of children with various scratches what they saw and
thought.
Humanity is Complex, but We Can Understand It Little by Little
When many people push others to accept what they believe, at
that time, they won’t learn from it; they are conditioned to be like what they
believe to be true. What they get is what they listen and accept, not from something
they experienced. This is the fatal concept to learn other people in every
perspective they have.
Learning others is unique and complex process to get the full
understanding among certain people in our surroundings. They have to interact
directly, communicate spontaneously, share unlimitedly, and feel with them
honestly. The powerful understanding will be done through these ways, so they
could say more about people they meet every day.
They will find the way on how minimize obstacles among them. They
will get the best way on how to respect others as the key for the final decision.
They will get the essential approach of marvelous interaction toward people
with their differences in belief, religion, point of view, neighborhood, and
goal of life in a very good way. They need to interact and communicate as often
as possible to understand the gap toward two or more different beliefs.
True Love of Islam
No religion urges its followers to adopt
mutual love, affection and intimacy like the religion of Islam. This should be
the case at all times, not just on specific days. Islam encourages showing
affection and love towards each other all the time. Love in Islam is
all-encompassing, comprehensive and sublime, rather than being restricted to
one form only. There is love of the religion of Islam, upholding it and making
it victorious and the love of martyrdom for the sake of Allah The Almighty as
well as other forms of love.
Sanggar Anak Matahari is the greatest example
of the true love of Islam toward street children, orphan children, and unprivileged children. Sanggar Anak Matahari is a place behind Bekasi Rail Station in West Java, Indonesia, which accommodates those who have limitation of education. The
sense of love created in every single activity, communication, interaction, and
their way of sharing one another without looking by one eye. Their happy faces
carved in our heart.
They study together, share together, learn how
to love the creatures of God, and thank to the blessing from God with the
principle of Islam. The value of love is coming as they realize to help each
other in a very limited strength. The help is never stopped; it is continuing
until the end of the day. They always stand to raise others up in the darkness
of silence to the delirious of betterment.
Understanding in Differences
We may have the different perspective about particular people,
clubs, or even religions. We easily prejudice others as we know it deeply but
we keep the wrong pattern of point of view toward it. That misbehavior could
create conflict and gap among us. Furthermore, the trifling rumors outside are conveying
irresponsible fact in life.
We like assuming and prejudicing like the concept of stereotype.
We conclude certain people like what we heard from other people. We treat
people like what we know about their behaviors from other people. We talk about
them like what we listen from other people. We almost do these in our lives.
What you have done is not true at all. The understanding of
certain people needs observation, communication, approach, interaction, and
experience with them. We cannot get findings just by listening from others,
copying from others, and repeating from others. We are near to the failure if
we deny those things.
It is the same way to know about certain people with
different backgrounds, pattern of education, environments, and religions. We need
to be there to share, communicate, respect, feel, and contribute with them. We have
to do those things to surely say and tell others that differences are not the
obstacle to embody the mutual understanding between you and those you think
about.
The Power of One
Everybody
will feel the same thing, called strange, when one of us come to the new place
of community or society. Some people may choose to keep away from that place
because there are so many differences in it. They feel the different sense of
belonging in the particular community or society. They are different, unique,
and exist. The only question is why those differences should be diminished.
We are naturally different in born in this world. We cannot deny that fact in our life. However, there are many people neglecting this issue so that they miss the value of life. Life is for everyone. Life is in the rights. Life is valuable; know and recognize the same creatures of god. Life is in the name of respect to all people from the various statuses, religions, races, and communities.
We are naturally different in born in this world. We cannot deny that fact in our life. However, there are many people neglecting this issue so that they miss the value of life. Life is for everyone. Life is in the rights. Life is valuable; know and recognize the same creatures of god. Life is in the name of respect to all people from the various statuses, religions, races, and communities.
As the
highest value in our life, tolerance and valuable manner come together in each
side of our neighborhood. My community puts those issues on how we respect
others and hold the commitment to the positive goals. The commitment of being
one as the power of belonging rendered into the applicable ways to accommodate togetherness
on the variety of statuses and religions among people in that community. In the
end, we together need one another as the emblem of comfort.
Sweety, the Country of Joyful
“All people can eat whatever they
want without worrying about the price and disability to buy it”
Three boys and five girls were telling us about the amazing
country that they called “Sweety”.
Since they were inspired from the famous film of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”,
the country they dreamed was about the same like that film. They emphasized
that everybody could eat everything in that country because all things were
made from chocolate, sugar, and cakes. They wanted to show us that this country
was great for everyone who lived there because there were no people who
suffered from malnutrition. People wouldn’t be fat because all nutrition were
measured in detail of calories and fat in it. People don’t have to worry about
the food. They want to show us that everybody can eat the same food together
without worrying about the price or disability to consume it. Everybody has the
same right to eat it for their satisfaction in their lives.
Dreamnesia, the Country of Sharing
“We
live in the same house because we have a big house”
Five boys expressively told the dreaming country
they made. People wear amazing clothes that everybody changes its color every
day. Everybody will feel the same feeling when wearing the same color of
clothes. They have a very big house where more than hundreds people could live
in. They eat together, share together, help each other, and support one
another. They could use telepathy when communicate to others as they known one
another so much. They hope there will be no miscommunication, problems, and gap
between them. They call it "Dreamnesia" because they want something new in their
lives, a power of sharing.
Blame Emirate, the Country of Recreation
“When
all people care one another, make us happy, work and study deliberately without
any pressure and restriction, we call it recreation”
Two boys and four girls mingled into one dreaming
about their dreaming country. They want to make a country where one cares each
other and has the sense of belonging. People in that country hate smoking,
drugs, and fighting. They are all humorist, meaning that they want to make
someone else happy and cheerful every day. The weather is cool and convenient
to live in. Everyone will use nice and stylish clothes with incredible design
of its style. They could use all languages around the world in this country, so
everyone can communicate more than one, two, or, three languages. They wish to
start the school days from Monday to Thursday, so the students are not getting
tired. The rest of days will be used for refreshing and doing their wanted
activities through art, music, recreation, poem, science, and many more.
Amazayn, the Perfect Country
“When we accommodate the
environmental and social circumstances, we will have the chance for the better
life”
Five girls were telling
us about the utopia they made. They were shrewd enough to modify our last
perspective about life as monotonous and easy to be exploited. They dreamed
about country where all houses are friendly for environment, all transportation use wind as the main source that they call “wings-roller skates” and language
that available for everyone to communicate. They emphasize the importance of Eco-environment issue for their utopia. In the end of presentation, they never
forget to remind us to love this dreaming country as an easy model to be
implemented.
Narnia, the Simple Country
“When
honest people live and understand one another, the smart people will be born”
Eight girls were talking in front of us to stress
out their simple statement of willingness to reach their dreaming country. They
criticized us about obstacles in our lives that many people will presumably surrender
on their way to escape it. Eight of them put simple wish of utopia where all honest
people live in this country. When all honest people help and understand one
another, the weather will follow what we have done. They will have houses of
tree for their shelters. This country is unique. It is easy to live there
because what we need is to be honest, so there will be no corruption. It
exemplifies the wheel of life to take what we need based on what we have given.
Winner is Powerful, Not Wonderful
They are
asking and asking on how to win the competition. I couldn’t say long sentences
to make situation better. As they wish to win, they always put something in
their mind that they are different from senior high school student. They are
thinking it over and never know how to make it true, as the winner, of course.
“They are amazing. We are nothing”
“Says who? It is okay to admit
someone's intelligence, called amazing, but you are something. You are
potential”
Their
beliefs still captured the icon of loser for the inferior player for that. It
became worse when some of them were ‘down’ for unreasonable things. When it was
nearly to the final day, I spoke in front of them like a friend who gave the
little wish for this rehearses.
“You have faced incredible power of surviving.
You wrote together, argued one another, discussed each other, find solutions,
and thousand tastes of stories. You were down, and raised slowly into final.
You were afraid together, angry one another, and smiled for the tears. You are
amazing! You blurred differences among us like religions, problems, emotion,
insecurity, and trust. We could feel it even those who are outside see this for
nothing. We believe it!”
Don't measure whether you win by the point of 1, but you have to calculate the power of mind to accept you and other people as what they are.
I come with values!
Hi para pembaca setia, pernah terbesit dalam hati bahwa kenapa saya tidak mengangkat sebuah cerita nyata yang bermanfaat bagi semua orang sebagai bahan pembelajaran dan renungan. Keinginan untuk mewartakan hal-hal tersebut semakin menggaung di pikiran saya. Akan ada banyak hal yang bisa saya ceritakan melalui blog ini, namun saya juga tidak akan berhenti menulis berbagai hal mengenai pembelajaran bahasa Inggris.
Suatu hari tekad saya sudah bulat untuk memulai menulis mengenai berbagai hal dari sudut pandang yang lain. Dengan keinginan itu, maka saya yakin bahwa tulisan di blog ini nantinya akan dipenuhi dengan berbagai macam hal yang bisa dijadikan sebagai catatan kecil tentang hal-hal di sekitar kita. I now write with the values!
Salam sukses!
Consonants
A. Manner of Articulation:
1. Plosive: yaitu yang dihasilkan dari udara yang langsung dihempaskan dari paru-paru dan mendapat hambatan tertentu.
2. Nasal: yaitu yang dihasilkan dari emisi udara melewati saluran hidung.
3. Fricative: yaitu yang dihasilkan oleh emisi dari pergeseran saluran di hidung sebagai akibat dari mepetnya saluran udara di rongga mulut.
4. Approximant: yaitu yang dihasilkan karena dekatnya dua organ artikulasi tanpa adanya pergolakan.
B. Place of Articulation:
1. Bilabial: bunyi yang dihasilkan dari dua bagian bibir.
2. Labiodental: yaitu bunyi yang dihasilkan dari peletakan 4 gigi seri bagian atas di posisi bersandaran pada bibir bagian bawah.
3. Dental: yaitu bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh lidah yang sediit menonjol keluar diantara gigi bagian depan yang saling merapat.
4. Alveolar: bunyi yang dihasilkan dari ujung lidah yang secara lembut menyentuh bagian punggung rongga gigi.
5. Postalveolar: bunyi yang dihasilkan dari menempelnya ujung lidah secara lembut ke arah punggung rongga gigi yang posisinya agak ke dalam.
6. Palatal: yakni bunyi yang dihasilkan karena mata lidah bersinggungan dengan rongga mulut yang agak keras (hard palate).
7. Velar: yakni bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh bagian lidah belakang menyentuh rongga mulut yang lunak (soft palate).
8. Glottal: yakni bunyi yang dihasilkan dari suara yang keluar dari rongga dada langsung tanpa adanya halangan dan menghasilkan bunyi glottis.
C. Voicing:
1. Voiced: adanya getaran yang ditimbulkan ketika memproduksi bunyi
2. Voiceless: tidak adanya getaran yang ditimbulkan ketika memproduksi bunyi
Setelah mengetahui beberapa istilah tersebut, berikutnya adalah dengan mengetahui kelompok-kelompok fonem konsonan yang ada dalam bahasa Inggris.
PLOSIVE
1. /p/ - Lower Case P
Voiceless, bilabial plosive. Contohnya: apple, pea, upon, lip
2. /b/ - Lower Case B
Voiced, bilabial plosive. Contohnya: bee, cob, comb, ribbon
3. /t/ - Lower Case T
Voiceless, alveolar plosive. Contohnya: tea, guitar, debt, Thomas
4. /d/ - Lower Case D
Voiced, alveolar plosive. Contohnya: meadow, could, ladder, bid
5. /k/ - Lower Case K
Voiceless, velar plosive. Contohnya: key, cook, scare, skip
6. /g/ - Lower Case G
Voiced, velar plosive. Contohnya: go, tiger, bag, ghost
NASALS
1. /m/ - Lower Case M
Voiced, bilabial nasal. Contohnya: me, family, am, summer
2. /n/ - Lower Case N
Voiced, alveolar nasal. Contohnya: need, tiny, can, knee
3. /ŋ/ - ENG
Voiced, velar nasal. Contohnya: ring, ink, uncle, long
FRICATIVES
1. /f/ - Lower Case F
Voiceless, labiodental fricative. Contohnya: fin, before, if, fly
2. /v/ - Lower Case V
Voiced, labiodental fricative. Contohnya: van, river, have, salve
3. /θ/ - THETA
Voiceless, dental fricative. Contohnya: theme, cloth, thigh, thin
4. /ð/ - ETH
Voiced, dental frivative. Contohnya: these, thus, they, then
5. /s/ - Lower Case S
Voiceless, alveolar fricative. Contohnya: spy, kiss, city, ski
6. /z/ - Lower Case Z
Voiced, alveolar fricative. Contohnya: buzz, jazz, zoo, zone
7. /ʃ/ - ESH
Voiceless, postalveolar fricative. Contohnya: sugar, ocean, show, wish
8. /ʒ/ - YOGH
Voiced, postveolar fricative. Contohnya: luge, beige, loge, rouge
9. /h/ - Lower Case H
Voiceless glottal fricative. Contohnya: heat, hate, hut, hen
APPROXIMANTS
1. /ɹ/ - Turned R
Voiced, alveolar approximant. Contohnya: red, stray, write, spring
2. /j/ - Lower Case J
Voiced, palatal approximant. Contohnya: use, yet, yawn, yip
3. /l/ - Lower Case L
Voiced, alveolar, lateral approximant. Contohnya: kiln, build, glee, fall
OTHER PHONEMES
1. /ʍ/ - Inverted W
Voiceless, labial-velar fricative. Contohnya: sweet, shy, whet, whip
2. /w/ - Lower Case W
Voiced, labial-velar approximant. Contohnya: we, wet, woke, was
AFFRICATES
1. /tʃ/ - T-Esh Ligature
Voiceless, alveolar-postveolar affricate. Contohnya: cheese, chop, chunk, chalk
2. /dʒ/ - D-Yogh Ligature
Voiced, alveolar-postalveolar affricate. Contohnya: jeep, jell, joy, jaw
3. /ʔ/ - Glottal
Glottal, glottal plosive
Penjelasan di atas adalah bunyi fonem konsonan dalam bahasa Inggris. Untuk mempelajari pengucapannya, kalian bisa membuka alamat berikut:
Selamat belajar!
Source:
A book of Introductory Phonetics And Phonology by Linda I. House published in 1998
